Periodismo inmersivo con vídeo 360 grados: valor, narrativa y retos de futuro

Sara Pérez Seijo

doi:10.31921/doxacom.n37a1841

Authors

Sara Pérez Seijo University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5674-1444

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n37a1841

Keywords:

Immersive journalism, 360-degree video, virtual reality, immersive storytelling, innovation

Abstract

Virtual reality and 360-degree video technology were introduced in newsrooms and innovation labs in the mid-2010s, leading to a new way of telling stories. However, 360 video emerged as a more viable alternative to genuine virtual reality, both in terms of investment and production time. The media explored its potential as a form of immersive journalism until its decline from 2018 onward. In addressing the period following the experimental stage, this research analyses the impact of 360-degree video on journalistic production from three perspectives: the value of this format for news stories; the immersive narrative; and the challenges facing its consolidation. To this end, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals and academic experts in the field (N = 11). The first-person experience was considered a differentiating factor, introducing an experiential dimension to consumption. Moreover, this format requires that the story be told in a different way, which involves an adaptation to immersion and spatiality. The future viability of 360 video is uncertain due to its high cost, the absence of a sustainable business model, and the low prevalence of virtual reality headsets.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Global Statistics

1861 Views	1851 Downloads
3712 Total

Downloads by format:

PDF (Spanish) 1096 PDF 351 EPUB (Spanish) 121 EPUB 135 HTML (Spanish) 81 HTML 67

Author Biography

Sara Pérez Seijo, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Assistant Professor. She holds a PhD in Communication and is a member of the Novos Medios Research Group at the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC). In addition, she has been a visiting scholar at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Portugal), and was a beneficiary of the University Lecturer’s Training Programme (FPU), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Government of Spain). Her research focuses on digital native media, innovation, and new digital narratives such as 360º video storytelling, which is also known as immersive journalism.

References

Aitamurto, T. (2019). Normative paradoxes in 360 journalism: Contested accuracy and objectivity. New media & society, 21(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818785153

Aitamurto, T., Aymerich-Franch, L., Saldivar, J., Kircos, C., Sadeghi, Y. & Sakshuwong, S. (2020). Examining augmented reality in journalism: Presence, knowledge gain, and perceived visual authenticity. New Media & Society, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1461444820951925

Baía, A. & Coelho, A. (2018). Virtual Reality and Journalism: A gateway to conceptualizing immersive journalism. Digital Journalism, 6(8), 1090-1100. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1502046

Barreda-Ángeles, M. (2018). Periodismo inmersivo en España: Análisis de la primera generación de contenidos periodísticos en realidad virtual. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 24(2), 1105-1120. https://doi.org/10.5209/ESMP.62204

Benítez de Gracia, M. J. (2019). El reportaje inmersivo con vídeo en 360º: características, buenas prácticas y empleo por parte de los medios periodísticos españoles [Tesis doctoral]. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.

Benítez, M. J. & Herrera, S. (2017). El reportaje inmersivo a través de vídeo en 360º: caracterización de una nueva modalidad de un género periodístico clásico. En A. De Lara y F. Arias (Coords.), Mediamorfosis. Perspectivas sobre la innovación en periodismo (pp. 196-212). Universidad Miguel Hernández.

Benítez, M. J. & Herrera, S. (2020). Cómo producir reportajes inmersivos con vídeo en 360º. UOC.

Bujic, M. & Hamari, J. (2020). Satisfaction and willingness to consume immersive journalism: experiment of differences between VR, 360 video, and article. En Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Academic Mindtrek (pp. 120-125). https://doi.org/10.1145/3377290.3377310

Burdea, G. & Coiffet, P. (2003). Virtual Reality Technology. John Wiley & Sons.

Callejo, J. (1998). Los límites de la formalización de las prácticas cualitativas de investigación social. Sociológica. Revista de pensamiento social, (3), pp. 93-119. https://n9.cl/npfax

Cantero, J. I., Sidorenko, P. & Herranz, J. M. (2018). Realidad virtual, contenidos 360º y periodismo inmersivo en los medios latinoamericanos. Una revisión de su situación actual. Contratexto, (29), 79-103. https://doi.org/10.26439/contratexto2018.n029.1816

Colussi, J. & Reis, T. A. (2020). Periodismo inmersivo. Análisis de la narrativa en aplicaciones de realidad virtual. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (77), 19-32. https://www.doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2020-1447

De Bruin, K., De Haan, Y., Kruikemeier, S., Lecheler, S. & Goutier, N. (2020). A first-person promise? A content-analysis of immersive journalistic productions. Journalism, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920922006

De la Peña, N., Weil, P., Llobera, J., Giannopoulos, E., Pomés A., Spanlang, B., Friedman, D., Sánchez-Vives, M. & Slater, M. (2010). Immersive Journalism: immersive virtual reality for the first-person experience of news. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 19(4), 291-301. https://doi.org/10.1162/PRES_a_00005

De Miguel, R. (2005). La entrevista en profundidad a los emisores y los receptores de los medios. En R. Berganza & J. A. Ruiz (Coords.), Investigar en comunicación: Guía práctica de métodos y técnicas de investigación social en Comunicación (pp. 251-264). McGraw Hill.

Dolan, D. & Parets, M. (2016). Redefining the axiom of story: The VR and 360 video complex. TechCrunch. https://n9.cl/hp2ha

Domínguez, E. (2013). Periodismo inmersivo: fundamentos para una forma periodística basada en la interfaz y la acción [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Ramon Llull.

Domínguez, E. (2017). Going beyond the classic news narrative convention: The background to and challenges of immersion in journalism. Frontiers in Digital Humanities, 4, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00010

Dooley, K. (2017). Storytelling with virtual reality in 360-degrees: a new screen grammar. Studies in Australasian Cinema, 11(3), 161-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/17503175.2017.1387357

Doyle, P., Gelman, M. & Gill, S. (2016). Viewing the future? Virtual reality in journalism. Knight Foundation.

Frontline & Emblematic (2018). Creating virtual reality journalism: A guide for best practices. PBS. https://goo.su/FOzzwQ

García-Avilés, J. G., Carvajal, M. & Arias, F. (2018). Implantación de la innovación en los cibermedios españoles: análisis de las percepciones de los periodistas. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (73), 369-384. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2018-1260

Goutier, N., De-Haan, Y. De-Bruin, K., Lecheler, S. & Kruikemeier, S. (2021). From ‘cool observer’ to ‘emotional participant’: the practice of immersive journalism. Journalism Studies, 22(12), pp. 1648-1664. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2021.1956364

Hardee, G. M. & McMahan, R. P. (2017). FIJI: a framework for the immersion-journalism intersection. Frontiers in ICT, 4(21), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fict.2017.00021

Hendriks Vettehen, P., Wiltink, D., Huiskamp, M., Schaap, G. & Ketelaar, P. (2019). Taking the full view: How viewers respond to 360-degree video news. Computers in Human Behavior, 91, 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.09.018

Kasem, I, Van Waes, M. & Wannet, K. C. M. E. (2015). What’s New (s). Scenarios on the Future of Journalism. Den Haag: Stimuleringsfonds voor de Journalistiek.

Kukkakorpi, M. & Pantti, M. (2020). A Sense of Place: VR Journalism and Emotional Engagement. Journalism Practice, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1799237

López-García, X., Pérez-Seijo, S., Vázquez-Herrero, J. & García- Ortega, A. (2020). New narratives in the age of visualization. En C. Toural-Bran, Á. Vizoso, S. Pérez-Seijo, M. Rodríguez-Castro & M. C. Negreira-Rey (eds.), Information Visualization in The Era of Innovative Journalism (pp. 51-63). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367809638

López, A., Méndez, M. I. & Olivares-García, F. J. (2022). El declive del periodismo inmersivo en España a partir de 2018. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 80, 15-27. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2022-1536

Mabrook, R. (2021). Between Journalist Authorship and User Agency: Exploring the Concept of Objectivity in VR Journalism. Journalism Studies, 22(2), 209-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2020.1813619

Mabrook, R. & Singer, J. B. (2019). Virtual reality, 360º video, and journalism studies: Conceptual approaches to immersive technologies. Journalism Studies, 20(14), 2096-2112. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1568203

Marconi, F. & Nakagawa, T. (2017). The age of dynamic storytelling. A guide for journalists in a world of immersive 3-D content. Associated Press.

Maschio, T. (2017). Storyliving: An ethnographic study of how audiences experience VR and what that means for journalists. Google News Lab. https://cutt.ly/X88yChA

Nielsen, S. L. & Sheets, P. (2019). Virtual hype meets reality: Users’ perception of immersive journalism. Journalism, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919869399

Paíno, A. & Rodríguez, M. I. (2019). Proposal for a new communicative model in immersive journalism. Journalism, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919869710

Palmer, L. (2020). “Breaking Free” from the Frame: International Human Rights and the New York Times’ 360-Degree Video Journalism. Digital Journalism, 8(3), 386-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1709982

Pavlik, J. V. (2019). Journalism in the Age of Virtual Reality: How Experiential Media are Transforming News. Columbia University Press.

Pérez-Seijo, S. (2021). Periodismo inmersivo con vídeo 360 grados: evolución, experiencia de usuario y producción de las radiotelevisiones públicas europeas [Tesis doctoral]. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela.

Pérez-Seijo, S. & López-García, X. (2018). Las dos caras del periodismo inmersivo: el desafío de la participación y los problemas éticos. En M. López Paredes (Ed.), Nuevos Escenarios de la Comunicación: Retos y Convergencias (pp. 279-305). Centro de Publicaciones PUCE.

Pérez-Seijo, S. & Vicente, P. N. (2022). After the Hype: How Hi-Tech Is Reshaping Journalism. En J. Vázquez-Herrero, A. Silva-Rodríguez, M. C. Negreira-Rey, C. Toural-Bran & X. López-García (Eds.), Total Journalism. Models, Techniques and Challenges (pp. 41-52). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88028-6_4

Rodríguez-Fidalgo, M. I. & Paíno-Ambrosio, A. (2020). Situación actual de los géneros periodísticos inmersivos. Análisis de las producciones informativas en RV y vídeo en 360º entre 2018 y 2020. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 26(4), pp. 1569-1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/esmp.68660

Ruiz Olabuénaga, J. I. (2007). Metodología de la investigación cualitativa. Universidad de Deusto.

Sabariego-Puig, M., Vilà-Baños, R. y Sandín-Esteban, M. P. (2014). El análisis cualitativo de datos con ATLAS.ti. REIRE. Revista d'Innovació i Recerca en Educació, 7(2), 119-133.

Sánchez Laws, A. L. (2019). Conceptualising Immersive Journalism. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429199394

Sánchez Laws, A. L. (2020). Can Immersive Journalism Enhance Empathy?. Digital Journalism, 8(2), 213-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1389286

Sánchez Laws, A. L. & Utne, T. (2019). Ethics Guidelines for Immersive Journalism. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 6(28), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2019.00028

Sidorenko, P., Cantero, J.I. & Herranz, J.M. (2017). La realidad virtual y el formato multimedia en 360º como mecanismo de enriquecimiento de los contenidos periodísticos. En J. Sierra (Coord.), Nuevas tecnologías audiovisuales para nuevas narrativas interactivas digitales en la era multidispositivo (pp. 99-108). McGraw- Hill.

Sidorenko, P., Herranz, J. M. & Molina, M. (2020). Evolución del periodismo inmersivo en España, desde su inicio hasta la pandemia por COVID-19. Estudos em Comunicação, (31), 69-94. https://doi.org/10.25768/20.04.03.31.04

Sirkkunen, E. & Uskali, T. (2019). Virtual Reality Journalism. En T.P Vos & F. Hanusch (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Journalism Studies (pp. 1-5). Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118841570.iejs0279

Slater, M. & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2016). Enhancing Our Lives with Immersive Virtual Reality. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 3, 1-47. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2016.00074

Soler-Adillon, J. & Sora, C. (2018). Immersive Journalism and Virtual Reality. En M. Pérez-Montoro (Ed.), Interaction in Digital News Media. From principles to practice (pp. 55-83). Palgrave Macmillan.

Tejedor-Calvo, S., Romero-Rodríguez, L. M., Moncada-Moncada, A. J. & Alencar-Dornelles, M. (2020). Periodismo que cuenta el futuro: posibilidades y escenarios periodísticos para la realidad aumentada. Profesional de la Información, 29(6), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.nov.02

Treadwell, D. (2019). Introducing Communication Research: Paths of Inquiry. SAGE.

Van Audenhove, L. & Donders, K. (2019). Talking to people III: Expert interviews and elite interviews. En H.

Van den Bulck, M. Puppis, M, K. Donders, K. & L. Van Audenhove (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of methods for media policy research (pp. 179-197). Palgrave Macmillan.

Van Damme, K., All, A., De Marez, L. & Van Leuven, S. (2019). 360 video journalism: experimental study on the effect of immersion on news experience and distant suffering. Journalism Studies, 20(14), 2053-2076.

https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1561208

Vicente, P. N. & Pérez-Seijo, S. (2022). Spatial audio and immersive journalism: production, narrative design, and sense of presence. Profesional de la información, 31(5). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.sep.19

Watson, Z. (2017). VR for news: The new reality?. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.