Transparencia y Cuarto Poder en España. Un estudio sobre el valor del acceso a la información para el periodismo y en la lucha contra la desinformación

María Díez Garrido

doi:10.31921/doxacom.n38a1914

Authors

María Díez Garrido University of Valladolid, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5430-7708

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n38a1914

Keywords:

Transparency, access to information, journalism, data journalism, disinformation, fact-checking

Abstract

Since the enactment of Law 19/2013 in Spain, which addressed the issues of transparency, access to public information, and good governance, journalism has benefitted from the tools offered by this law in several ways. Nevertheless, few studies have addressed the relationship between transparency and journalism. The aim of this research is twofold: to reveal whether the current state of transparency in Spain is adequate for carrying out journalistic activity; and to discover the usefulness of these tools in practicing data journalism and fighting against disinformation. This study also attempts to uncover the most pressing needs of journalists regarding possible changes in regulations. As such, a Delphi methodology was used involving assessments made by ten experts in the field, both from academia and the professional realm, who might be referred to as specialised journalists. Two waves of questionnaires were conducted, the first of which focused on obtaining relevant information regarding the issue, while the second attempted to reach a consensus among the experts. The results not only show that regulatory reform is needed, but that transparency is highly useful for verifying and contrasting hoaxes. Likewise, it appears that journalists need further training in the area of transparency as well.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Global Statistics

933 Views	1226 Downloads
2159 Total

Downloads by format:

PDF (Spanish) 798 PDF 139 EPUB (Spanish) 104 EPUB 107 HTML (Spanish) 46 HTML 32

Author Biography

María Díez Garrido, University of Valladolid, Spain

Assistant Professor of Journalism at the University of Valladolid, in addition having accreditation as an Associate Professor by ANECA, 2021. Her research focuses mainly on political communication in the digital realm, as well as transparency, open government, social networks, and disinformation. She is currently a member of the R&D&I project entitled, Flujos de desinformación, polarización y crisis de la intermediación mediática (Disflows) [disinformation flows, polarisation, and the crisis of media intervention: disflows), at the University of Valencia, which is funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Spanish Government. She has participated in a total of four research projects, as is also involved in the Network of Excellence, also financed by the Spanish Government. Moreover, Professor Díez Garrido has carried out research stays at the University of Manchester (UK), the University of Lisbon (Portugal), and the Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales de Madrid [the centre for political and constitutional studies of Madrid]. She has also participated in the Observatorio de Participación Ciudadana [citizen participation observatory], which is included among the commitments of the 3rd Open Government Action Plan of Spain.

References

Alonso Timón, A. J. (2012). El principio de transparencia como elemento vertebrador del Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho. Asamblea: Revista parlamentaria de la Asamblea de Madrid, (27), 27-62.

Berganza, R., Lavín, E., y Piñeiro Naval, V. (2017). La percepción de los periodistas españoles acerca de sus roles profesionales. Comunicar, 25(51), 83–92.

Brolcháin, N. Ó., Porwol, L., Ojo, A., Wagner, T., Lopez, E. T., y Karstens, E. (2017). Extending Open Data Platforms with Storytelling Features. Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research - Dg.o ’17. https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085283

Cabero Almenara, J., y Infante, A. (2014). Empleo del método Delphi y su empleo en la investigación. EDUTEC. Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa, 48. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2014.48.187

Cabra, M. (2012). Un cambio para el periodismo: la ley de transparencia. Cuadernos de periodistas: revista de la Asociación de la Prensa de Madrid, (25), 69-75.

Cerrillo, A. (2014). Los principios de los datos abiertos en la legislación española. IDP: revista de Internet, derecho y política= revista d'Internet, dret i política, (19), 62-77.

Córdoba-Cabús, A., y García-Borrego, M. (2021). Evaluación de la transparencia en el periodismo de datos de referencia. Icono 14, 19(2), 364–387. https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v19i2.1648

Cushion, S., Lewis, J., y Callaghan, R. (2016). Data Journalism, Impartiality and Statistical Claims. Journalism Practice, 0(0), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1256789

Flores Vivar, J., y Salinas Aguilar, C. (2013). El periodismo de datos como especialización de las organizaciones de noticias en Internet. Correspondencias & Análisis,(3), 15-34.

Knight, M. (2015). Data journalism in the UK: A preliminary analysis of form and content. Journal of Media practice, 16(1), 55-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/14682753.2015.1015801

La Rosa, L., y Sandoval-Martín, T. (2016). La insuficiencia de la Ley de Transparencia para el ejercicio del Periodismo de datos en España. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (71), 1208–1229. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2016-1142

Landeta, J. (1999). El método Delphi: una técnica de previsión para la incertidumbre. Barcelona: Ariel.

Landeta, J., Barrutia, J., y Lertxundi, A. (2011). Hybrid Delphi: A methodology to facilitate contribution from experts in professional contexts. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1629-1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2011.03.009

López-Gómez, E. (2018). El método Delphi en la investigación actual en educación: una revisión teórica y metodológica. Educación XX1: revista de la Facultad de Educación. https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.20169

Masullo, G. M., Curry, A. L., Whipple, K. N., y Murray, C. (2021). The Story Behind the Story: Examining Transparency About the Journalistic Process and News Outlet Credibility. Journalism Practice, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1870529

Meyer, P. (1991). Precision Journalism: A Reporter's Introduction to Social Science Methods. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Molina Rodríguez-Navas, P., Medranda Morales, N., y Muñoz Lalinde, J. (2021). Transparency for participation through the communication approach. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(9), 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090586

Rogers, S. (2012). Open data journalism. The Guardian.

Rogers, S. (2014). Data journalism is the new punk. British Journalism Review, 25(2), 31-34.

Palau-Sampío, D. y López-García, G. (2022). Comunicación y crisis en el espacio público : disolución e incertidumbre. El Profesional de la Información, 31(3), 1–10.

Park, S., y Gil-García, J. R. (2020). Open data innovation: Visualizations and process redesign as a way to bridge the transparency-accountability gap. Government Information Quarterly, (January), 101456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101456

Saavedra Llamas, M.; Herrero de la Fuente, M. y Castillo Lozano, E. (2020). La formación en periodismo de datos en España: radiografía de la oferta académica universitaria. Anàlisi: Quaderns de Comunicació i Cultura, 62, 93-109.

Sánchez De Diego Fernández De La Riva, M. (2010). Por una ley de acceso a la información pública. Periodistas: revista de la Federación de Asociaciones de Periodistas de España, (22), 20-21.

Sierra Rodríguez, J. (2022). Enfoques ante una reforma de la Ley de Especial referencia a la transparencia informativa del Gobierno. Revista Española de la Transparencia (14), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.51915/ret.216

Vu, H. T., y Saldaña, M. (2021). Chillin’ Effects of Fake News: Changes in Practices Related to Accountability and Transparency in American Newsrooms Under the Influence of Misinformation and Accusations Against the News Media. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 98(3), 769–789. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699020984781