Environmental factors around Primary School students in pornography exposure among electronic Age

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n38a1948

Keywords:

Environmental factor, primary school students, pornography exposure, electronic age

Abstract

In the current electronic age, the trend of pornography exposure to Primary School Students is massively happening. Pornography exposure becomes an important issue to study because it concerns the self-development of tens of millions of Primary School Students in Indonesia. This phenomenon cannot be separated from environmental factors. Environmental factors around Primary School Students in pornography exposure become a focus of this study. Specifically, about kinds of environmental factors, environmental role, dan the process of pornography exposure facilitated by the environment. This study was conducted qualitatively with the use of observation, in-depth interviews, and field notes to collect data. This study finds that there are three kinds of environments around primary school students now. All of these have an important role in causing pornography exposure. Interaction with two or three kinds of environments at the same time by involving a virtual environment ends in pornography exposure. Associated with it, this interaction needs to be attention because interaction with a virtual environment cannot happen without physical environment and or social environment interaction. In response to these findings, stakeholders should reduce pornography exposure to Primary School Students simultaneously maximizing their role in changing Primary School Student’s behaviour.          

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Global Statistics ℹ️

Cumulative totals since publication
1639
Views
1689
Downloads
3328
Total
Downloads by format:
PDF (Spanish) 1116 PDF 186 EPUB (Spanish) 156 EPUB 130 HTML (Spanish) 53 HTML 48

Author Biographies

  • Achmad Ryan Fauzi, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

    Graduate Doctor from Universitas Negeri Malang in the field of Primary Education. Graduate in 2023. Since 2018, he has worked as a Primary School Teacher. Now, he works at UPT SD Negeri Ngreco, Blitar Regency, Indonesia. He works as Professor Assistant in Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar, Indonesia in 2016-2018. He has also been a researcher in primary education science since 2016. His research experience in primary school education fields, like the model of learning, parents' decision for school choice, sexual education, and primary school students' wealth and mental health. As a professional teacher, all of my research is funded by myself. It is for my dedication to developing primary school education science as media to accommodate students' wealth and mental health, especially in learning knowledge, skills, and attitude. So, primary school students can develop and be ready for challenges as agents of change in the future.

  • Ibrahim Bafadal, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

    Professor in the field of Education Management. He works as Lecture in Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia. Now, he chosen as Vice Rector of Education, Students, and Alumni at Universitas Negeri Malang. He was experienced as Vice Rector of Public Relations and Collaboration and Director of Primary Schools in the Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia. He is one of the experts in Education Leadership in his institution and Indonesia too. He is a senior book author and researcher. His research experience in education management fields, like education leadership, school institution leadership, learning leadership, leadership innovation, management of primary education, and religious leadership. As a professional lecturer, His research is funded by many institutions, i.e., the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research dan Technology Republic of Indonesia, Institute of Research and People Working Universitas Negeri Malang, Faculty of Education Science Universitas Negeri Malang, and the other Institutions. More of his research findings and book were published in International and National Scientific Journals and many Publishers.

  • Ali Imron, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

    Professor in the field of Education Management. He works as Lecture in Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia. At the least, He was chosen as the Coordinator of the Master and Doctor of Education Management Study Program. He is one of the experts in education management in his institution and Indonesia too. Now, he focuses on teaching and research. His research experience in education management fields, like education supervision, school institution management, reward and punishment management, education program management, learning management, and religious management. As a professional lecturer, His research is funded by many institutions i.e., the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research dan Technology Republic of Indonesia, Institute of Research and People Working Universitas Negeri Malang, Faculty of Education Science Universitas Negeri Malang, and other Institutions. More of his research findings are in International and National Scientific Journals and many publishers that are cited by many more researchers.

  • Syamsul Hadi, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

    Associate Professor of Education management. He works as Lecture in Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia. He is experienced in many positions at his Institution, the one as Vice Rector of Students and Alumni. At the least, He was chosen as Coordinator of the Master and Doctor of Primary Education Study Program. He is one of the experts in Management Education. Now, he focuses on teaching and research. He is a senior researcher who is a consultant for his junior and colleagues. His research experience in education management fields, like Education leadership, Digital leadership, technology integration, School Leadership, and Quality Insurance. His research is funded by many institutions, i.e., the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research dan Technology Republic of Indonesia, Institute of Research and People Working Universitas Negeri Malang, Faculty of Technic Universitas Negeri Malang, and other Institutions. More of his research findings were published in International and National Scientific Journals.

References

Agim, N. C., & Nwaohiri, N. M. (2021). Understanding the Information User in the Electronic Age. In J. P. Chigwada & N. Nwaohiri (Eds.), Examining the impact of industry 4.0 on academic libraries (pp. 47–53). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80043-656-520201013

Alsubaie, M. A. (2022). Distance education and the social literacy of elementary school students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Heliyon, 8(7), e09811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09811

Alzubi, A. A. F., & Kaur, M. (2018). The impact of social strategies through smartphones on the Saudi learners’ socio-cultural autonomy in EFL reading context. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 11(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.26822/IEJEE.2018143958

Arvanitaki, M., & Zaranis, N. (2020). The use of ICT in teaching geometry in primary school. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10210-7

Baafi, R. K. A. (2020). School Physical Environment and Student Academic Performance. Advances in Physical Education, 10(02), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.4236/ape.2020.102012

Baharuddin, Esa, & Nurwahyuni. (2007). Teori Belajar dan Pembelajaran. Ar-Ruzz Media Grup.

Bandura, A. (1977a). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191

Bandura, A. (1977b). Social Learning Theory. In Prentice-Hall, Inc. Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Bond, M. (2020). Schools and emergency remote education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A living rapid systematic review. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(2), 191–247. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425683

Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Griffiths, M. D., Potenza, M. N., Orosz, G., & Demetrovics, Z. (2021). Are sexual functioning problems associated with frequent pornography use and/or problematic pornography use? Results from a large community survey including males and females. Addictive Behaviors, 112(August 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106603

Bőthe, B., Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P., Girouard, A., Štulhofer, A., Dion, J., & Bergeron, S. (2020). A Large-Scale Comparison of Canadian Sexual/Gender Minority and Heterosexual, Cisgender Adolescents’ Pornography Use Characteristics. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(6), 1156–1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.02.009

Cai, P. (2021). Thinking skills development in mobile learning: The case of elementary school students studying environmental studies. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 42, 100922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100922

Cervigón-Carrasco, V., Schulze-Steinen, L., Ballester-Arnal, R., Billieux, J., Juliá, B. G., Giménez-García, C., & Castro-Calvo, J. (2023). Attentional inhibitory control interference related to videogames, pornography, and TV series exposure: An experimental study in three independent samples. Computers in Human Behavior, 143(September 2022), 107683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107683

Dalkin, S., Forster, N., Hodgson, P., Lhussier, M., & Carr, S. M. (2021). Using computer assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS; NVivo) to assist in the complex process of realist theory generation, refinement and testing. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 24(1), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2020.1803528

Delahunty, A. B. & D. (2021). Primary School Education in the Time of COVID-19 – A Literature Review. Jultika Oulun, 1–50.

Dennen, V. P., Choi, H., & Word, K. (2020). Social media, teenagers, and the school context: a scoping review of research in education and related fields. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(4), 1635–1658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09796-z

Diningrat, S. W. M., Setyosari, P., Ulfa, S., & Widiati, U. (2023). The Effect of an Extended Flipped Classroom Model for Fully Online Learning and its interaction with Working Memory Capacity on Students’ Reading Comprehension. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 12(1), 77–99. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2023.1.1073

Efiloğlu Kurt, Ö., & Tingöy, Ö. (2017). The acceptance and use of a virtual learning environment in higher education: an empirical study in Turkey, and the UK. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0064-z

Efrati, Y., & Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2020). Are adolescents who consume pornography different from those who engaged in online sexual activities? Children and Youth Services Review, 111(October 2019), 104843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104843

Eutsler, L., Mitchell, C., Stamm, B., & Kogut, A. (2020). The influence of mobile technologies on preschool and elementary children’s literacy achievement: a systematic review spanning 2007–2019. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(4), 1739–1768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09786-1

Fallon, B., Joh-Carnella, N., Trocmé, N., Chabot, M., Esposito, T., Nosrati-Inanlou, M., & Collin-Vézina, D. (2019). An examination of trends in child sexual abuse investigations in Ontario over time. Child Abuse and Neglect, 88(September 2018), 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.12.012

Fineberg, N. A., Demetrovics, Z., Stein, D. J., Ioannidis, K., Potenza, M. N., Grünblatt, E., Brand, M., Billieux, J., Carmi, L., King, D. L., Grant, J. E., Yücel, M., Dell’Osso, B., Rumpf, H. J., Hall, N., Hollander, E., Goudriaan, A., Menchon, J., Zohar, J., … Chamberlain, S. R. (2018). Manifesto for a European research network into Problematic Usage of the Internet. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 28(11), 1232–1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.004

Guggisberg, M. (2020). Sexually explicit video games and online pornography – The promotion of sexual violence: A critical commentary. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 53(May), 101432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101432

Habesha, T., Aderaw, Z., & Lakew, S. (2015). Assessment of exposure to sexually explicit materials and factors associated with exposure among preparatory school youths in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional institution based survey. Reproductive Health, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-015-0068-x

Hashim, S., Masek, A., Abdullah, N. S., Paimin, A. N., & Muda, W. H. N. W. (2020). Students’ intention to share information via social media: A case study of COVID-19 pandemic. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 5(2), 236–245. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v5i2.24586

Hemphill, M.., & Richards, K. A. (2018). A practical guide to collaborative qualitative data analysis. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37(2), 225–231.

Henry, C., & Talbot, H. (2019). The complexities of young New Zealanders’ use and perceptions of pornography: a quantitative survey in context. Porn Studies, 6(4), 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2019.1656544

Herbenick, D., Fu, T. C., Wright, P., Paul, B., Gradus, R., Bauer, J., & Jones, R. (2020). Diverse Sexual Behaviors and Pornography Use: Findings From a Nationally Representative Probability Survey of Americans Aged 18 to 60 Years. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(4), 623–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.013

Hornor, G. (2020). Child and Adolescent Pornography Exposure. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 34(2), 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2019.10.001

Karakaş, A., & Kartal, G. (2020). Pre-Service Language Teachers’ Autonomous Language Learning with Web 2.0 Tools and Mobile Applications. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 12(1), 51–79.

Kim, J. (2020). Voices of youth in reconceptualising and repositioning the role of mobile learning for sustainable development. Information Technology for Development, 0(0), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2020.1749537

Kolnhofer-Derecskei, A., Reicher, R. Z., & Szeghegyi, A. (2017). The X and Y generations’ characteristics comparison. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica. https://doi.org/10.12700/APH.14.8.2017.8.6

Kozak, S., & Recchia, H. (2019). Reading and the Development of Social Understanding: Implications for the Literacy Classroom. Reading Teacher, 72(5), 569–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1760

Laconi, S., Andréoletti, A., Chauchard, E., Rodgers, R. F., & Chabrol, H. (2016). Utilisation problématique d’Internet, temps passé en ligne et traits de personnalité. Encephale, 42(3), 214–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2015.12.017

Landripet, I., Buško, V., & Štulhofer, A. (2019). Testing the content progression thesis: A longitudinal assessment of pornography use and preference for coercive and violent content among male adolescents. Social Science Research, 81(January), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.03.003

Lestari, I. A., Fibriana, A. I., & Prameswari, N. (2014). Faktor-Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Perilaku Seks Pranikah pada Mahasiswa UNNES. Unnes Journal of Public Health.

Li, X., & Qin, Y. (2018). Research on criminal jurisdiction of computer cybercrime. Procedia Computer Science, 131, 793–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.263

López-Faican, L., & Jaen, J. (2020). EmoFindAR: Evaluation of a mobile multiplayer augmented reality game for primary school children. Computers and Education, 149(January). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103814

Maisyaroh, Juharyanto, Bafadal, I., Wiyono, B. B., Adha, M. A., & Surif, J. (2022). Diverrs of Primary School Students’ Achievement in Indonesia During Pandemic. European Journal of Educational Research, 12(3), 1393–1405. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.12.3.1393

Mardianto, Hanurawan, F., Chusniyah, T., Rahmawati, H., Ifdil, I., & Pratama, M. (2019). Cyber aggression of students: The role and intensity of the use of social media and cyber wellness. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 5(6), 567–582.

Martínez-Domínguez, M., & Fierros-González, I. (2022). Determinants of internet use by school-age children: The challenges for Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telecommunications Policy, 46(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102241

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. Sage Publications.

Morrison, D., Lichtenwald, K., & Tang, R. (2020). Extending the online focus group method using web-based conferencing to explore older adults online learning. International Journal of Research and Method in Education, 43(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2019.1594183

Mudiono, A., Wiyono, B. B., Maisyaroh, Supriyanto, A., & Wong, K. T. (2023). The Effects of the Communicative Approach and the Use of Information Technology on Students’ Motivation and Achievement in Indonesian Language Learning. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 14(3), 808–819. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1403.29

Murni, R., Setiawan, H. H., Sumarno, S., Kurniasari, A., Astuti, M., Haryati Roebyantho, H., Suhendi, A., & Rahman, A. (2018). Dampak Media Berkonten Pornogra Terhadap Anak. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesejahteraan Sosial, Kementerian Sosial Republik Indonesia.

Okutan, A., & Çebi, Y. (2019). A Framework for Cyber Crime Investigation. Procedia Computer Science, 158, 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.054

Papastergiou, M., Natsis, P., Vernadakis, N., & Antoniou, P. (2020). Introducing tablets and a mobile fitness application into primary school physical education. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10289-y

Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). Adolescents and Pornography: A Review of 20 Years of Research. In Journal of Sex Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1143441

Pinto, M., & Leite, C. (2020). Digital technologies in support of students learning in higher education: Literature review. Digital Education Review, 37, 343–360. https://doi.org/10.1344/DER.2020.37.343-360

Pons-Salvador, G., Zubieta-Méndez, X., & Frias-Navarro, D. (2018). Internet Use by Children Aged six to nine: Parents’ Beliefs and Knowledge about Risk Prevention. Child Indicators Research, 11(6), 1983–2000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-018-9529-4

Potoglou, D., Dunkerley, F., Patil, S., & Robinson, N. (2017). Public preferences for internet surveillance, data retention and privacy enhancing services: Evidence from a pan-European study. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 811–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.007

Price, J., Patterson, R., Regnerus, M., & Walley, J. (2016). How much more XXX is generation X consuming? Evidence of changing attitudes and behaviors related to pornography since 1973. Journal of Sex Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2014.1003773

Rahayu, S., Setyosari, P., Hidayat, A., & Kuswandi, D. (2022). the Effectiveness of Creative Problem Solving-Flipped Classroom for Enhancing Students’ Creative Thinking Skills in Online Physics Educational Learning. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 11(4), 649–656. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i4.39709

Roche, S., Otarra, C., Fell, I., Belle Torres, C., & Rees, S. (2023). Online sexual exploitation of children in the Philippines: A scoping review. Children and Youth Services Review, 148(September 2022), 106861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106861

Rokhmah, D., & Khoiron. (2015). The Role of Sexual Behavior in the Transmission of HIV and AIDS in Adolescent in Coastal Area. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 23(Ictcred 2014), 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.01.015

Ross, S. M. (2020). Technology infusion in K-12 classrooms: a retrospective look at three decades of challenges and advancements in research and practice. Educational Technology Research and Development, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09756-7

Salmerón, L., Sampietro, A., & Delgado, P. (2020). Using Internet videos to learn about controversies: Evaluation and integration of multiple and multimodal documents by primary school students. Computers and Education, 148(January 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103796

Sanjuan, C. (2020). (Des)información sexual: pornografía y adolescencia. https://bit.ly/46C4l1A

Shi, L., Han, L., Yang, F., & Gao, L. (2019). The Evolution of Sustainable Development Theory: Types, Goals, and Research Prospects. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(24), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247158

Short, M. B., Black, L., Smith, A. H., Wetterneck, C. T., & Wells, D. E. (2012). A review of internet pornography use research: Methodology and content from the past 10 years. In Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0477

Stanley, N., Barter, C., Wood, M., Aghtaie, N., Larkins, C., Lanau, A., & Överlien, C. (2016). Pornography, Sexual Coercion and Abuse and Sexting in Young People’s Intimate Relationships: A European Study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(19), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516633204

Sulistiani, I. R., Setyosari, P., Sa’dijah, C., & Praherdhiono, H. (2023). Technology integration through acceptance of e-learning among preservice teachers. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 31(3), 1821–1828. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i3.pp1821-1828

Tejedor Calvo, S., Cervi, L., Robledo-Dioses, K., & Pulido Rodríguez, C. (2022). Desafíos del uso de TikTok como plataforma educativa: Una red multitemática donde el humor supera al debate. Aula Abierta, 51(2), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.17811/rifie.51.2.2022.121-128

Todaro, E., Silvaggi, M., Aversa, F., Rossi, V., Nimbi, F. M., Rossi, R., & Simonelli, C. (2018). Are Social Media a problem or a tool? New strategies for sexual education. Sexologies, 27(3), e67–e70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2018.05.006

Tzankova, V. (2018). Online Pornography. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeos1142

Villagómez León, D. (2021). El uso de la pornografía en los jóvenes del siglo XXI: una revisión narrativa. In Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.

Wolak, J., Mitchell, K., & Finkelhor, D. (2007). Unwanted and wanted exposure to online pornography in a national sample of youth internet users. Pediatrics, 119(2), 247–257. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1891

Wright, P. J., & Donnerstein, E. (2014). Sex Online: Pornography, sexual solicitation, and sexting. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews.

Wright, P. J., Sun, C., & Miezan, E. (2019). Individual differences in women’s pornography use, perceptions of pornography, and unprotected sex: Preliminary results from South Korea. Personality and Individual Differences, 141(October 2018), 107–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.12.030

Wright, T. S., & Domke, L. M. (2019). The Role of Language and Literacy in K-5 Science and Social Studies Standards. Journal of Literacy Research, 51(1), 5–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086296X18821141

Yamaç, A., Öztürk, E., & Mutlu, N. (2020). Effect of digital writing instruction with tablets on primary school students’ writing performance and writing knowledge. Computers and Education, 157, 103981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103981

Zohor Ali, A. A., Muhammad, N. A., Jamil, T. R., Ahmad, S., & Abd Aziz, N. A. (2021). Internet pornography exposures amongst young people in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study looking into the role of gender and perceived realism versus the actual sexual activities. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 14, 100350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100350

Published

01-01-2024

Issue

Section

Miscellaneous of Research articles and essays

How to Cite

Fauzi, A. R., Bafadal, I., Imron, A., & Hadi, S. (2024). Environmental factors around Primary School students in pornography exposure among electronic Age. Doxa Comunicación. Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication Studies and Social Sciences, 38, 41-59. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n38a1948
PlumX Metrics