La IA como herramienta para combatir la desinformación. Planteamiento de un modelo enfocado en los bulos en un contexto electoral

Mercedes Herrero de la Fuente; Celia Sancho Belinchón; Jorge Sedeño López

doi:10.31921/doxacom.n41a2840

Authors

Mercedes Herrero de la Fuente Nebrija University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-9056
Celia Sancho-Belinchón Nebrija University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5979-1853
Jorge Sedeño-López University of Seville https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5368-5547

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n41a2840

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, disinformation, verification, Catalan elections, algorithm

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has contributed to disinformation through its ability to generate false content. But the potential of this technology can also be focused on designing a prototype tool that detects hoaxes, particularly those amplified in social networks and in electoral contexts and moments of political relevance. This article analyses the main patterns followed by the fake news launched on X during the last Catalan elections (12 May 2024), following criteria such as subject matter, format, origin and dissemination, among others. With the information obtained, an AI resource with the capacity to recognise such content is preliminarily developed. We start from these specific results: the most recurrent topic is immigration, the text plus photograph format predominates, in most cases it comes from profiles registered as any citizen, and the conventional media do not generally participate in its propagation. Based on these guidelines, we propose the main characteristics of an AI system that combines dissemination patterns with analysis of text, images and sentiment, which, together with real-time verification of facts, allows us to filter with a sufficient degree of sensitivity (proportion of hoaxes correctly identified) and specificity (proportion of truthful content erroneously classified as hoaxes).

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Author Biographies

Mercedes Herrero de la Fuente, Nebrija University

PhD in Information Sciences (Complutense University of Madrid), Master’s Degree in Radio Communication (Spanish National Radio-Complutense University of Madrid) and Master’s Degree in Linguistics Applied to the Teaching of Spanish as a Foreign Language (Antonio de Nebrija University). Researcher with an active six-year research period and member of the INNOMEDIA research group. Principal researcher of the Chair in Cinema, Women and Education, promoted by EGEDA (Audiovisual Producers’ Rights Management Association) and Platino Educa. Member of the R+D+I research project COM2GENDER, focusing on digital divides in university education. She has previously participated in other competitive research projects with public funding, including COMPENSA, focused on the labour insertion of people with disabilities in the audiovisual sector. He has been a research fellow at Cornell University (USA), Saldford University (UK), Radboud Universiteit (The Netherlands) and Univerzita Karlova (Czech Republic). She publishes articles in highly indexed journals focusing on: application of technology to news discourse, new professional profiles and women’s participation in the audiovisual sector. She is currently Coordinator of the PhD in Innovation in Digital Communication and Media and an accredited lecturer at the Antonio de Nebrija University. She has been a news producer at Telemadrid for fifteen years.
Celia Sancho-Belinchón, Nebrija University

PhD in Audiovisual Communication, Advertising, and Public Relations. She currently directs the Master’s Degree in Digital and Data Journalism at Antonio de Nebrija University and teaches in the Journalism degree program and the Master’s Degree in Political Communication and Crisis and Emergency Management. Her research interests include journalism, digital communication, social media, social media strategy, fact-checking, and advertising.
Jorge Sedeño-López, University of Seville

PhD in Computer Engineering, Master’s Degree in Information and Communications Technology Management and Computer Engineering from the University of Seville. He has more than twenty years of professional experience in different Public Administrations and belongs to the Senior Corps of Information Systems and Technologies of the State Administration and to the Corps of Experts in Information Technology of the Bank of Spain. His lines of work are oriented towards digital transformation through agile methodologies, e-Government, Data Governance and Artificial Intelligence. He belongs to the ES3 research group (Engineering and Science in Software System) and is a member of the EQUAVEL Project PID2022-137646OB-C31 funded by MICIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER, EU. He is a lecturer on the Master’s programme in Digital and Data Journalism at the University of Nebrija, as well as at other public and private institutions.

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