Desorden informativo y periodismo: cartografía de las competencias digitales y las carencias formativas de los periodistas en Portugal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n40a2720Palabras clave:
Competencias digitales, formación de periodistas, desorden informativo, desinformación, redes socialesResumen
El objetivo de este artículo es identificar y determinar los temas con mayores necesidades de formación para las rutinas de producción del periodismo local, nacional e internacional en Portugal. A partir de un cuestionario (n=169), el estudio analizó las medias y realizó un análisis factorial. Los resultados muestran que hay diferencias en las demandas de formación: los periodistas locales dicen que necesitan aprender más sobre técnicas para aumentar la visibilidad de las noticias que producen en internet y las redes sociales, mientras que los periodistas nacionales buscan más conocimientos sobre IA y los periodistas internacionales sobre datos. El análisis factorial determinó tres factores, de los cuales los dos primeros reflejaban los intereses de los periodistas, más concretamente de los locales, y el segundo de los internacionales. El tercer factor tuvo como elementos más fuertes temas relacionados con el contexto de la desinformación, como el fact-checking.
Descargas
Referencias
Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211–236. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.2.211
Ardia, D. S., Ringel, E., Ekstrand, V., & Fox, A. (2020). Addressing the decline of local news, rise of platforms, and spread of mis- and disinformation online: A summary of current research and policy proposals (UNC Legal Studies Research Paper). SSRN. https://bit.ly/3zFcnfP
Barclay, S., Barnett, S., Moore, M., & Townend, J. (2022). Local news deserts in the UK: What effect is the decline in local news and information have on communities? University of Sussex. https://bit.ly/3XFE0NO
Bailo, F., Meese, J., & Hurcombe, E. (2021). The institutional impacts of algorithmic distribution: Facebook and the Australian news media. Social Media + Society, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211024963
Becker, L. B., & Lowrey, W. (2000). Independent journalism training initiatives: Their impact on journalists and journalism education. In Professional Education Section, International Association for Media and Communication Research. Singapore.
Beers, A., Haughey, M. M., Arif, A., & Starbird, K. (2020). Examining the digital toolsets of journalists reporting on disinformation. In Proceedings of Computation + Journalism 2020 (C+J’20). https://doi.org/10.1145/1122445.1122456
Benkler, Y., Faris, R., & Roberts, H. (2018). Network propaganda: Manipulation, disinformation, and radicalization in American politics. Oxford University Press.
Bessi, A., Scala, A., Rossi, L., Zhang, Q., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2014). The economy of attention in the age of (mis)information. Journal of Trust Management, 1(12). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40493-014-0012-y
Blanco-Herrero, D., & Arcila-Calderón, C. (2019). Deontología y noticias falsas: Estudio de las percepciones de periodistas españoles. Profesional de la Información, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.may.08
Blanco-Herrero, D., Splendore, S., & Alonso, M. O. (2023). Southern European journalists’ perceptions of discursive menaces in the age of (online) delegitimization. Politics and Governance, 11(2), 210-220. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v11i2.6397
Boczkowski, P., Mitchelstein, E., & Matassi, M. (2017). Incidental news: How young people consume news on social media. In T. Ishida (Ed.), Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 1795-1792).
Carazo-Barrantes, C., Tristán-Jiménez, L., & Cajina-Rojas, M. (2023). Fake news: Where journalists and audiences meet (and where they don’t). Contratexto, 39, 185-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.26439/contratexto2023.n39.5623
Cardoso, G. (2007). A mídia na sociedade em rede. Rio de Janeiro: Editora FGV.
Carlson, M. (2018). Fake news as an informational moral panic: The symbolic deviancy of social media during the 2016 US presidential election. Information, Communication & Society, 23(3), 374–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1505934
Cesarino, L. (2022). O mundo do avesso: Verdade e política na era digital. Ubu Editora.
Delacre, M., Leys, C., Mora, Y. L., & Lakens, D. (2019). Taking parametric assumptions seriously: Arguments for the use of Welch’s F-test instead of the classical F-test in one-way ANOVA. International Review of Social Psychology, 32(1), 13, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.198
Dourado, T., Torre, L., Amaral, I., & Jerónimo, P. (2024, February 28). Análise do caso Sérgio Tavares. MediaTrust.Lab. https://bit.ly/4dvdahm
Ecker, U. K., Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Schmid, P., Fazio, L. K., Brashier, N., & Amazeen, M. A. (2022). The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-021-00006-y
Edgerly, S. (2017). Making sense and drawing lines: Young adults and the mixing of news and entertainment. Journalism Studies, 18(8), 1052-1069. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2015.1100522
Fallis, D. (2015). What is disinformation? Library Trends, 63(3), 401-426. https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2015.0014
Foà, C., Tomé, V., Margato, D., Paisana, M., Crespo, M., & Cardoso, G. (2023). Roles of journalists in media literacy initiatives: Trainees and trainers. Profesional de la Información, 32(6), e320621. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.nov.21
García-Marín, D. (2021). Las fake news y los periodistas de la generación z: Soluciones post-millennial contra la desinformación. Vivat Academia. Revista de Comunicación, 154, 37–63. https://doi.org/10.15178/va.2021.154.e1324
Gómez-Calderón, B., & López-Martín, Á. (2024). La verificación de datos en los medios de comunicación españoles: Rutinas, fuentes, herramientas y grado de formación de los periodistas. Profesional de la Información, 33(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2024.0010
Huang, S., & Yang, T. (2024). Auditing entertainment traps on YouTube: How do recommendation algorithms pull users away from news. Political Communication, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2024.2343769
Ireton, C., & Posetti, J. (2018). Journalism, fake news & disinformation: Handbook for journalism education and training. UNESCO Publishing.
Jaakkola, M. (2022). Journalists as media educators: Journalistic media education as inclusive boundary work. Journalism Practice, 16(6), 1265–1285. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1844040
Jerónimo, P. (2015). Ciberjornalismo de proximidade: Redações, jornalistas e notícias online. Livros LabCom. https://labcom.ubi.pt/livro/203
Jerónimo, P., & Sánchez Esparza, M. (2023). Jornalistas Locais e Fact-Checking: Um Estudo Exploratório em Portugal e Espanha. Comunicação e Sociedade, 44, e023016. https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.44(2023).4553
Kuklinski, J. H., et al. (2000). Misinformation and the currency of democratic citizenship. The Journal of Politics, 62(3), 790-816.
Liu, J., & Xu, Y. (2022). T-Friedman test: A new statistical test for multiple comparison with an adjustable conservativeness measure. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, 15, Article 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-022-00083-8
Mateus, C. (2015). A utilização das redes sociais pelos jornalistas portugueses: Novos desafios éticos e deontológicos para a profissão. LabCom Books. https://bit.ly/3N5ank2
Miranda, J., Torre, L., & Jerónimo, P. (2023). Desinformação, Transparência e Confiança: Perceções das/dos Jornalistas em Portugal. Livros LabCom.
Morais, R., Jerónimo, P., & Correia, J. C. (2020) Jornalismo na Região Centro: Trabalho, Tecnologia e Negócio. Livros Labcom.
Morais, R., & Jerónimo, P. (2023). “Platformization of News”, Authorship, and Unverified Content: Perceptions around Local Media. Social Sciences, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12040200
Rodríguez, N. M., & Jiménez, A. G. (2021). Perception of journalists about disinformation and professional routines in the digital age. Revista General de Información y Documentación, 31(2), 601–619. https://doi.org/10.5209/RGID.79460
Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Robertson, C., Arguedas, A., & Nielson, R. (2024). Reuters Institute digital news report 2024. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
Rúas-Araújo, J., Pérez-Curiel, C., & López-López, P. C. (2020). New challenges and threats for journalism in the post-truth era: Fact-checking and the fake news combat. In A. C. Toural-Bran, A. Vizoso, S. Pérez-Seijo, M. Rodríguez-Castro, & M. C. Negreira-Rey (Eds.), Information visualization in the era of innovative journalism. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367809638
Saldaña, M., & Vu, H. T. (2021). You are fake news! Factors impacting journalists’ debunking behaviors on social media. Digital Journalism, 10(5), 823–842. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.2004554
Schapals, A. K. (2018). Fake news: Australian and British journalists’ role perceptions in an era of “alternative facts.” Journalism Practice, 12(8), 976–985. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2018.1511822
Skovsgaard, M., & Andersen, K. (2020). Conceptualizing news avoidance: Towards a shared understanding of different causes and potential solutions. Journalism Studies, 21(4), 459–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1686410
Toff, B., & Kalogeropoulos, A. (2020). All the news that’s fit to ignore: How the information environment does and does not shape news avoidance. Public Opinion Quarterly, 84(S1), 366–390. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfaa016
Van Aelst, P., Strömbäck, J., Aalberg, T., Esser, F., de Vreese, C., Matthes, J., & Stanyer, J. (2017). Political communication in a high-choice media environment: A challenge for democracy? Annals of the International Communication Association, 41(1), 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2017.1288551
Waisbord, S. (2018). Truth is what happens to news: On journalism, fake news, and post-truth. Journalism Studies, 19(13), 1866–1878. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1492881
West, J. D., & Bergstrom, C. T. (2021). Misinformation in and about science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(15), e1912444117. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912444117
World Economic Forum. (2024, January 15). Global risks report 2024 press release. World Economic Forum. https://bit.ly/4eLfcuF
Skovsgaard, M., & Andersen, K. (2019). Conceptualizing News Avoidance: Towards a Shared Understanding of Different Causes and Potential Solutions. Journalism Studies, 21(4), 459–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1686410
Shao, C., Ciampaglia, G. L., Varol, O., Yang, K. C., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. (2018). The spread of low-credibility content by social bots. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06930-7
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Tatiana Dourado, Luísa Torre, Pedro Jerónimo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.